United States National Security Memorandum Signed Regarding Quantum Computer Risks to Cryptographic Systems

On May 4, 2022, the Biden administration published a national security memorandum (NSM) regarding government agencies mitigating all risks posed by cryptanalytically relevant quantum computers (CRQC) to US national security. The NSM’s specific purpose is to identity “key steps needed to maintain the Nation’s competitive advantage in quantum information science (QIS), while mitigating the risks of quantum computers to the Nation’s cyber, economic, and national security.” It detailed that a CRQC will be capable of breaking “much of the public-key cryptography used on digital systems across the United States and around the world” which poses the following potential risks: “jeopardize civilian and military communications, undermine supervisory and control systems for critical infrastructure, and defeat security protocols for most Internet-based financial transactions.” In order to combat these risks, the White House is promoting several leadership objectives for the United States. These objectives include pursuing a “whole-of-government and whole‑of‑society strategy to harness the economic and scientific benefits of QIS, and the security enhancements provided by quantum-resistant cryptography,” seeking to “encourage transformative and fundamental scientific discoveries through investments in core QIS research programs,” seeking to “foster the next generation of scientists and engineers with quantum-relevant skill sets, including those relevant to quantum-resistant cryptography.” The NSM also calls for mitigations for the potentially vulnerable public standards utilizing public-key cryptography. The current goals presented consist of US agencies prioritizing “the timely and equitable transition to cryptographic systems to quantum-resistant cryptography,” and “mitigating as much of the quantum risk as is feasible,” by 2035, as well as publicizing technical standards for specific jurisdictions by 2024. Additional goal timelines and overall details can be reviewed in the NSM linked below.